COMPUTER VIRUS

A more damaging virus can wreak havoc on an extremely large computer system within a matter of minutes or hours, causing it to crash and thereby destroy valuable data. A virus may simply cause a harmless joke or cryptic message to appear on a computer user’s video monitor each time he turns on his computer. A virus is usually designed to execute when it is loaded into a computer’s memory. The infection can then transfer itself to files and code on other computers through magnetic disks or other memory-storage devices, computer networks, or online systems. Upon execution, the virus instructs its host program to copy the viral code into, or “infect,” any number of other programs and files stored in the computer. In most cases, the corrupted programs continue to perform their intended functions but surreptitiously execute the virus’s instructions as well. The replicating viruses often multiply until they destroy data or render other program codes meaningless. A virus consists of a set of instructions that attaches itself to other computer programs, usually in the computer’s operating system, and becomes part of them.

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

 

Communication technology

Pierluigi Coppola, Fulvio Silvestri, in Autonomous Vehicles and Future Mobility, 20195 Conclusions and perspectivesThe application of telecommunication technologies in vehicles, the widespread digitalization of the infrastructure, and the rapid diffusion of smartphones are key enablers for the advent of new ways of offering transport services and meeting new mobility needs that have been growing rapidly throughout the world.Future mobility scenarios concern both transport demand and supply; they require envisioning, on the one hand, the evolution of technological development of vehicles (electrification, connectivity, and automation), and on the other hand, the behavioral changes of travelers.It is likely that major changes will be induced by the introduction of in-vehicle connectivity and automation functions. These features will allow new modes of transport and mobility solutions customized to individuals’ needs that are multimodal, seamless (door-to-door), and easy to access on demand (via smartphones). Therefore we foresee the entry of new operators into the mobility market who will focus their business on automated mobility service on-demand (AMoD). However, it is equally predictable that current operators will gradually convert their fleets, exploring ways to integrate Innovative Mobility Services (IMS) with traditional services. In fact, the introduction of new mobility services in cities, if correctly planned and integrated in PT networks, could lead to great benefits in terms of environmental, social, and economic sustainability, thanks to a more rational and conscientious use of resources. For example, self-driving vehicles could primarily be used as feeders and shuttles for mass rapid transit systems (Yap et al., 2016) or, furthermore, be used as micro-transit, in order to extend PT lines in those areas where they do not operate now due to low demand density.From a system perspective, the co-modality and the interoperability of the various transport services is desirable and likely to happen. However, there is room for a further more innovative paradigm shift in the way transport services will be offered. This is the case, for instance, of the MaaS concept, which is based on the integration of mobility services currently offered by a vast number of different operators into a single service “aggregator.”On the demand side, a behavioral change is also expected. The high connectivity features could be used to enhance user experience by means of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). However, the major breakthrough may come from a change in the consumer’s approach to transport modes from an ownership-based model to a consumption-based one. In the past, drivers have been the owners of their vehicles, sustaining investment costs amortized throughout the life cycle of vehicles. In the future travelers may be attracted to adopt mobility solutions for their trips that do not require vehicle ownership but are based on their temporary use, possibly shared with the rest of the community (i.e., shared mobility).In the long term, a widespread adoption of IMS and CAVs will make investing in ITS more important than investing in road capacity expansion, and CAVs themselves will promote shared urban mobility forms (CAR, 2017). Fig. 5 gives a synoptic description of a possible timing for when technologies for connectivity and automation will reach maturity. Although from 2019 conditional automation functions will be available in most of the new vehicles sold, it will be necessary to wait few more years before SAE Level 4 (time t1 in Fig. 5) and SAE Level 5 cars (time t3 in Fig. 5) could be circulating on public roads. When high automation is standardized, V2V, V2I, and V2P technologies should also be available (time t2). V2N, however, could be reached in the same period in which 5G connectivity will complete its development cycle (time t4).Fig. 5. . Timeline of the maturity of vehicle technologies and mobility services.Uncertainty about the future introduction of CAVs depends on supply-side, demand-side, and governance factors (Nikitas et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2018). Supply-side factors are related to technological development and its cost, including the performances of vehicles in promiscuous traffic situations, ability of vehicle sensors to respond to unexpected situations, technological level of connectivity required, maintenance needs, and obsolescence of control system. Demand-side factors concern user acceptance (Payre et al., 2014), attitudes, and behavioral factors (Trommer et al., 2016; Piao et al., 2016), such as desire to drive or to cede control, interactions with vulnerable road users, safety, security, and privacy. Deployment will depend also on users’ willingness to pay for automated transports (Litman, 2018). Governance factors are related to national regulation, such as permission to validate on public roads, license to operate in mixed traffic, data protection regulation, and cybersecurity standards. In a few years the commercial release could take place, but only in those countries that have in the meantime legislated to allow circulation of CAVs in mixed or reserved lanes. Additional time is necessary before they reach large market penetration.

FREE OFFERS

The pandemic has created hard times for families,as a result, people are looking for hand outs,give aways, which has a way of saving the family from pressing expenses.Research has shown that some companies are giving out gift items ranging from electronics,to gift cards.We all appreciate free gifts and so this article is focusing on free items that can be given.The  gifts are to be used and a feedback given so that concerned organisation may mass produced these products as gifts 

The following items can be given

1.electronics

2.Gift card

Now talking about electronics,it can be laptop,printer,scanner or any of it likes.

ABUSE OF  FREE ITEMS

Some can take undue advantage of gifts,gather as much as possible then hoard them to  detriment of others.This should not be encouraged,the gifts are like blessing and must be allowed to go round

REACH OUT TO MOBILE DEVICE USERS

Gone are the days that  people browse only on computers, the World has seriously advanced to the extent that mobile phones can be used to browse the net.

With this in mind your websites should be optimized for mobile viewing, if not, you are losing a huge chunk of potential customers.

More people browse the internet on their smart phones than on their computers.

So you are walking along in the mall and you see these little rectangular devices protruding from people's hands almost everywhere you look. You have seen this yourself almost everywhere you go.

People are more connected than they have ever been.  This is the new evolution in communication and information gathering.

When someone wants to know where a restaurant is, they don't go looking for a phone booth to find a phone book. (Are there still phone booths out there?) They whip out their smart phone or tablet, do a search and bring up the restaurants website.

If your website is not optimized for mobile viewing you are losing out on a huge segment of people that are searching for you.

The good news is that optimizing your site for mobile viewing is easy to do. In fact you can use a tool to do the bulk of the heavy lifting. All you have to do is do some tweaking.

You don't have to worry that people on regular computers will get a weird looking site. All of the device handling happens automatically. Smart devices get the mobile version of your site and regular computers get the normal version of your site. This gives you the best of both worlds!

HOW TO KNOW WHEN YOUR HARD DISK IS ABOUT TO CRASH

The drive is the store house of programs that runs the computer.

However, there are times, this device fails you when you least expect .The worst of all is the imminent loss of data.

                            

As in vehicles, a good and careful user can spot the signs of a troubled hard drive and take a proactive actions.

Below are signs or symptoms to look out for when your hard drive is about to pack up or give up the ghost

     (i.)            Frequent but irregular crashes, especially while booting up Windows®

    (ii.)            Frequent and cryptic error messages while performing typical activities like moving files

  (iii.)            Folder and file names that have been scrambled and changed

  (iv.)            Disappearing files and folders

   (v.)            Really long wait times to access folders and files

  (vi.)            Hard disk is silent for a long period after you request data by opening a file or folder

(vii.)            Garbled output from open files or printing

(viii.)            Hard drive grinds away constantly because of noisy bearings

Sound can be an excellent indicator of disk trouble! If you previously didn’t hear a peep from your hard drive, but now you d. If it seems much louder than usual or makes occasional clicks or grinding sounds, check it ASAP and get ready to backup your data and replace the drive.

If your drive is making regular clicking or grinding sounds, chances are you have a mechanical failure within the drive. Turn off your computer as soon as possible as continued use may damage the platters (data storage area) and make your data unrecoverable. The longer the drive is powered on, the more damage you may be doing to your data. You should then make a note of what happened and contact a computer technician immediately.

COMPUTER ILLEGAL OPERATIONS

Today’s article may be serialiszed,so it is advisable  there be constant follow up on the part of readers and Users of information.
People Users are guilty of performing illegal operations in their computer; these constitute an abuse and have the long term effects on affecting your personal computers
These illegal and can be caused by various factors. The following are some of the more commonly known reasons performing illegal operations.

1.  Third-party programs causing memory conflicts or other conflicts with the program or programs attempting to be run.
2. Data not being read properly from source. Running a program or game with a dirty CD can cause the CD to be read improperly causing Illegal Operations. Floppy diskettes, which may contain errors can cause illegal operations.
3. Installing a program or game on a hard drive that has errors or is highly fragmented.
4. Corrupt files.
5. Memory managers.
6. Bad, incorrect or not the latest video drivers.
7. Computer Virus.
8. Added hardware
9. Error in program coding
10. Corruption or problem within Windows.
11. Bad Memory, invalid bits or physically bad memory.

The solutions to the above will come in my next  article

COMPUTER II